This has to do with something called the Coriolis effect – the second effect we simulate for our cloud rotation speeds – which is an effect that occurs on any object that rotates. So if wind, and clouds, starts out moving from the equator to the poles, why is it that in reality (and in Universe Sandbox) the wind and clouds move around the Earth’s equator? By lasering Mars, we are increasing the maximum temperature, which increases the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures on Mars, as well as the difference between maximum and minimum air pressures, which increases the cloud speed. In Universe Sandbox we simulate this difference in air pressure between an object’s equator and its poles based on the difference between its Minimum and Maximum Temperature, which are usually at the poles and equator. This wind moves faster, increasing the cloud speed, the larger the temperature difference between the equator and the poles is, since this will create a larger air pressure difference. The high pressure air at the equator moves to the lower pressure air at the poles, creating a wind that moves the clouds with it. The higher temperatures at the equator lead to a higher air pressure (essentially the weight of the atmosphere) at the equator, while colder temperatures at the poles lead to lower air pressure. This is because objects are (generally) warmer at their equator and colder at their poles. In reality wind is initially created going in an unexpected direction – it travels outwards from the equator to the poles instead of rotating around the equator. Simulating realistic weather patterns faster than real time (one second per second) is very difficult, especially with your average computer. However, we determine the speed at which clouds rotate around an object’s surface from two simulated effects. As we talk about in our Snow Simulation ScienceLog, this isn’t currently possible without a supercomputer, so for now our clouds are drawn from pre-made cloud pictures. To simulate completely realistic clouds, we would need to do a full weather simulation, including the water cycle. While our in-game guide, which can be found under Guides > Science > Clouds, shows off these new features, we wanted to explain them in a little more depth. One of our recent improvements to Universe Sandbox includes realistically simulating the speed at which clouds rotate around objects, like planets and moons. Seen in natural color, Venus is nearly as featureless as a cue ball.Universe Sandbox now realistically simulates the speeds at which clouds rotate. "This view of Venus was composed of images taken through red, green, and blue filters by MESSENGER on Jas it approached for its second flyby. These are a black and white picture but are sometimes artificially colored to make them look better. To show other detail they can use infrared or ultraviolet filters to show things that we cannot see. These three colored pictures get combined together and show a picture that looks like what we would see with our eyes. They take the black and white picture taken through the red filter and color it red, the picture taken through the green filter gets colored green and the picture taken through the blue filter gets colored blue. To make photos that look like what we see they use red, green, and blue filters. The cameras take black and white pictures with filters and then combine the pictures to make colored photos.
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